Schottky barrier diode and method for making the same

ABSTRACT

A schottky diode includes a SiC substrate which has a first surface and a second surface facing away from the first surface, a semiconductor layer which is formed on the first surface of the SiC substrate, a schottky electrode which is in contact with the semiconductor layer, and an ohmic electrode which is in contact with the second surface of the SiC substrate. The first surface of the SiC substrate is a (000-1) C surface, upon which the semiconductor layer is formed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/150,635 filed Jun. 1, 2011, which is a Division of U.S. Ser. No. 11/975,366, filed Oct. 18, 2007, which application are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a schottky barrier diode and a method of making the same.

2. Description of Related Art

FIG. 6 is a conventional schottky barrier diode (hereinafter called “schottky diode.”) (See JPA-2004-221513 for example.) The schottky diode X shown in this figure uses a SiC substrate 91 as a basis. The SiC substrate 91 has a (0001) Si surface 91 b and a (000-1) C surface 91 a. The (0001) Si surface 91 b is formed with an epitaxial layer 92. The epitaxial layer 92 is formed with a guard ring 92 a. On the epitaxial layer 92, an insulation layer 93, a schottky electrode 94 and a metal layer 95 are formed in lamination. A contact hole 93 a is made in the insulation layer 93 to provide contact between the schottky electrode 94 and the epitaxial layer 92. The contact made by the schottky electrode 94 and the epitaxial layer 92 is schottky contact. The (000-1) C surface 91 a is formed with an ohmic electrode 96. The contact made by the ohmic electrode 96 and the SiC substrate 91 is ohmic contact. The schottky diode X is used to provide a relatively high-speed switching in electric circuits.

In the schottky diode X, the schottky barrier height between the schottky electrode 94 and the epitaxial layer 92 must have an appropriate value in order to reduce leak current caused by reverse voltage. However, in the above-described design where the epitaxial layer 92 is formed on the (0001) Si surface 91 b, the best achievable schottky barrier height was about 1.0 eV, and for this reason, it has not been possible in the schottky diode X to sufficiently reduce the leak current caused by reverse voltage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been proposed under the above-described circumstance, and it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a schottky diode which has a reduced leak current caused by reverse voltage, and to provide a method for making the schottky diode.

A schottky diode provided by a first aspect of the present invention includes: a SiC substrate which has a first surface and a second surface facing away from the first surface; a semiconductor layer which is formed on the first surface of the SiC substrate; a schottky electrode which is in contact with the semiconductor layer; and an ohmic electrode which is in contact with the second surface of the SiC substrate. The first surface of the SiC substrate is a (000-1) C surface, and the semiconductor layer is formed on this (000-1) C surface.

According to such an arrangement as the above, the schottky barrier height between the schottky electrode and the epitaxial layer has a value large enough to reduce the leak current, and therefore it is possible to decrease the leak current in the schottky diode.

Preferably, the schottky electrode is made of Mo. Such an arrangement as the above makes it possible to achieve appropriate ohmic contact between the schottky electrode and the epitaxial layer.

Preferably, the barrier height between the semiconductor layer and the schottky electrode is 1.3 through 1.7 eV. Such an arrangement as the above makes it possible to reduce the leak current to about 1/10 of the leak current as compared to a case where the epitaxial layer is formed on the (0001) Si surface of the SiC substrate.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for making a schottky diode. This method includes a step of forming a semiconductor layer on a (000-1) C surface of a SiC substrate; a step of forming an ohmic electrode on a (0001) Si surface of the SiC substrate; and a step of forming a schottky electrode on the semiconductor layer after the step of forming an ohmic electrode.

Preferably, the method according to the present invention further includes a step of performing a heat treatment at a temperature between 200 through 1,000° C. to a laminated body provided by the SiC substrate, the semiconductor layer, the ohmic electrode and the schottky electrode after forming the schottky electrode.

Such an arrangement as the above is suitable for achieving the schottky barrier height which has a value between 1.3 through 1.7 eV.

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following detailed description to be made with reference to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a primary portion of a schottky diode according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a step of forming an epitaxial layer as part of a method for making the schottky diode.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a step of forming an insulation layer as part of the method.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a step of forming an ohmic electrode as part of the method.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a step of forming a schottky electrode as part of the method.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a primary portion of a conventional schottky diode.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schottky diode according to the present invention. The illustrated schottky diode A includes a SiC substrate 1, an epitaxial layer 2, an insulation layer 3, a schottky electrode 4, a metal layer 5, and an ohmic electrode 6. The schottky diode A is a type of rectifier implemented by using a schottky barrier formed by a junction between a metal and a semiconductor, and has advantages over rectifiers implemented by using a PN junction, in that voltage drop in normal direction is smaller and switching speed is higher.

The SiC substrate 1 is an n⁺ type 4H—SiC substrate doped with impurity to an extent that the substrate has a resistivity of 0.01 through 0.05 Ωm. The SiC substrate 1 has a (000-1) C surface 1 a and a (0001) Si surface 1 b.

The epitaxial layer 2 is made of an n⁻ type Si C of a relatively high level of purity, with its impurity density of 1.0×10¹⁵ through 2.0×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ for example.

The epitaxial layer 2 is formed on the (000-1) C surface 1 a of the substrate 1. The epitaxial layer 2 is formed with a guard ring 21. The guard ring 21 is an annular portion formed by ion injection using such an element as Al and B into a part of the epitaxial layer 2, and enhances voltage endurance of the schottky diode A.

The insulation layer 3 is a member formed of e.g. Si O₂ or Si₃N₄. The insulation layer 3 provides partial coverage on each of the epitaxial layer 2 and the guard ring 21. The insulation layer 3 has a contact hole 3 a. The contact hole 3 a exposes the inner circumferential edge of the guard ring 21.

The schottky electrode 4 is made of e.g. Mo, and works to form a schottky barrier between itself and the epitaxial layer 2. The schottky electrode 4 is in contact with part of the epitaxial layer 2 and part of the guard ring 21 exposed by the contact hole 3 a of the insulation layer 3. In the present embodiment, the schottky barrier height between the schottky electrode 4 and the epitaxial layer 2 is 1.3 through 1.7 eV.

The metal layer 5 is made of Al for example, and covers the schottky electrode 4. A layer of e.g. Ti or MoN may be formed between the metal layer 5 and the schottky electrode 4.

The ohmic electrode 6 is formed on the (0001) Si surface 1 b of the SiC substrate 1, and works as an electrode to inject electrons into the schottky diode A. The ohmic electrode 6 is used to solder the schottky diode A to e.g. a circuit substrate. In order to enable appropriate soldering, the ohmic electrode 6 is formed to have a multilayer structure provided by e.g. Ti, Ni and Ag.

Next, a method for making the schottky diode A will be described with reference to FIG. 2 through FIG. 5.

First, as shown in FIG. 2, a SiC substrate 1 is prepared. The SiC substrate 1 is made by e.g. sublimation method or HTCVD method. Next, an epitaxial layer 2 is formed on the (000-1) C surface 1 a of the SiC substrate 1. The formation of the epitaxial layer can be performed by epitaxially growing an n⁻ type SiC by supplying row material gas (propane gas, silane gas), carrier gas (H₂ gas), and dopant gas (N₂ gas) toward the (000-1) C surface 1 a, for example.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, a guard ring 21 is formed. The guard ring 21 can be formed through ion injection of e.g. Al, B, etc. into part of the epitaxial layer 2 to a depth of 0.1 through 1.0 μm. After forming the guard ring 21, an insulation layer 3 is formed. The insulation layer 3 can be formed by e.g. spattering with SiO₂ or Si₃N₄.

Next, an ohmic electrode 6 is formed on the (0001) Si surface 1 b of the substrate 1. The ohmic electrode is formed by making layers of Ti, Ni and of Ag through spattering or vapor deposition. Through this step, a laminated body (1, 2, 21, 3, 6) shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. After the formation of the ohmic electrode 6, a heat treatment is performed in which the laminated body is exposed to an ambient temperature not lower than 900° C. for a time not shorter than a minute. Through this heat treatment, state of contact between the ohmic electrode 6 and the SiC substrate 1 becomes ohmic.

After the heat treatment which has yielded the ohmic contact, a contact hole 3 a is made as shown in FIG. 5, in the insulation layer 3 by means of etching for example. Then, spattering or vapor depositing is performed to form layers of Mo and of Al. The Mo layer and the Al layer are then patterned lithographically to form a schottky electrode 4 and a metal layer 5. Through this step, a second laminated body (1, 2, 21, 3, 4, 5, 6) shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.

Thereafter, the second laminated body undergoes a heat treatment in which the laminated body is exposed to an ambient temperature of 200° C. through 1,000° C. According to experiments conducted by the inventor et al., a schottky barrier height of about 1.5 eV was achievable in a heat treatment at an ambient temperature of 450° C. for 20 minutes. Also, a schottky barrier height of about 1.4 eV was achievable in a heat treatment at an ambient temperature of 450° C. for 100 minutes.

Through the steps described above, a schottky diode A shown in FIG. 1 is obtained. It should be noted here that a preferred temperature range for the heat treatment performed after the formation of the schottky electrode 4 is 200 through 1,000° C. This ambient temperature range is suitable for adjusting a schottky barrier height to 1.3 through 1.7 eV.

Next, description will be made for functions of the schottky diode A and the method for making it.

As described, the schottky diode A has a schottky barrier height of 1.3 through 1.7 eV. With the schottky barrier height being such, it is possible to reduce the leak current in the schottky diode A than before. For example, the leak current in the schottky diode A can be about 1/10 of the leak current in a conventional schottky diode which has a schottky barrier height of about 1.0 eV.

Unlike the present invention, the construction shown in FIG. 6 where the epitaxial layer 92 is formed on the (0001) Si surface 91 b can only achieve the schottky barrier height of up to 1.0 through 1.1 eV. On the contrary, according to the present embodiment, the epitaxial layer 2 is formed on the (000-1) C surface 1 a of the substrate 1. This makes it possible to achieve a relatively large value of about 1.3 through 1.7 eV for the schottky barrier height between the epitaxial layer 2 and the schottky electrode 4.

The schottky electrode 4 formed of Mo is suitable for creating schottky contact between the electrode and the epitaxial layer 2.

According to the method for making the schottky diode A, a heat treatment for creating ohmic contact is performed at a relatively high temperature (900° C. or higher), and the schottky electrode 4 is formed thereafter. This eliminates a risk that the schottky barrier height will be unduly lowered by the heat treatment. 

1-5. (canceled)
 6. A method for making a schottky diode, the method comprising: preparing an SiC substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface: forming a semiconductor layer on the first surface of the SiC substrate; forming a guard ring in the semiconductor layer by ion injection; forming an insulation layer on the semiconductor layer, the insulation layer covering the guard ring; forming an ohmic electrode on the second surface of the SiC substrate, thereby providing a first laminated body made up of the SiC substrate, the semiconductor layer, the guard ring, the insulation layer and the ohmic electrode; subjecting the first laminated body to a first heat treatment; forming an opening in the insulation layer after the first heat treatment, thereby exposing a part of the semiconductor layer and a part of the guard ring through the opening; forming a schottky electrode and a metal layer covering the schottky electrode, thereby providing a second laminated body made up of the first laminated body, the schottky electrode and the metal layer, the schottky electrode being configured to cover the exposed pan of the semiconductor layer and the exposed part of the guard ring; and subjecting the second laminated body to a second heat treatment.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first surface of the SiC substrate comprises a (000-1) C surface.
 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second surface of the SiC substrate comprises a (0001) Si surface.
 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the forming of the semiconductor layer is performed by epitaxially growing an n⁻ type SiC.
 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the forming of the guard ring is performed by ion injection of Al or B into a portion of the semiconductor layer.
 11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first heat treatment comprises exposing the first laminated body to an ambient temperature of not lower than 900° C. for at least one minute.
 12. The method according to claim 6, wherein the schottky electrode is made of Mo, and the metal layer is made of Al.
 13. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second heat treatment comprises exposing the second laminated body to an ambient temperature in a range of 200 to 1,000° C.
 14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second heat treatment comprises exposing the second laminated body to an ambient temperature of 450° C. for 20 minutes.
 15. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second heat treatment comprises exposing the second laminated body to an ambient temperature of 450° C. for 100 minutes.
 16. A method for making a schottky diode, the method comprising: preparing an SiC substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; forming a semiconductor layer on the first surface of the SiC substrate; forming an insulation layer on the semiconductor layer; forming an ohmic electrode on the second surface of the SiC substrate and performing a first heat treatment; forming an opening in the insulation layer after the first heat treatment, thereby exposing a part of the semiconductor layer through the opening; and forming a schottky electrode configured to cover the exposed part of the semiconductor layer and performing a second heat treatment.
 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the first surface of the SiC substrate comprises a (000-1) C surface.
 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the second surface of the SIC substrate comprises a (0001) Si surface.
 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the forming of the semiconductor layer is performed by epitaxially growing an n⁻ type SiC.
 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the schottky electrode is made of Mo.
 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein the insulation layer includes a slant wall surface defining the opening.
 22. The method according to claim 16, wherein the schottky electrode extends onto an upper surface of the insulation layer.
 23. The method according to claim 16, further comprising forming a metal layer on the schottky electrode. 